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Gods of the Fertile Crescent

The oldest recorded gods of Sumer, Akkad, and Babylon, drawn from the Enuma Elish and the Epic of Gilgamesh.

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12 entries

A

AnuFather of the GodsFather of the gods — the Mesopotamian sky, whose written sign meant "god" itself; the source of all authority, and almost never the one who uses it.Deity

E

EnkiGod of WisdomGod of wisdom and the sweet water under the ground — the craftsman-trickster who made humankind, taught the crafts, and warned one man about the Flood.DeityEnlilLord of the WindLord of the moving air — the Sumerian executive of the gods, whose word carried out destinies, who split heaven from earth and sent the Flood.DeityEreshkigalQueen of the UnderworldLady of the Great Earth — the Mesopotamian queen of the dead, elder sister of Inanna, who rules the land of no return by rules even the gods obey.Deity

G

GilgameshKing of UrukKing of Uruk, two-thirds god and one-third man — the hero of the world's oldest surviving epic, who went to the ends of the earth to escape death.Hero

I

InannaQueen of HeavenQueen of Heaven — Sumerian goddess of love, war, and the planet Venus, who walked into the land of the dead and was the only one to walk back out.DeityIrkallaThe Land of No ReturnThe land of no return — the dusty house below the earth where every Mesopotamian dead person went, ruled by Ereshkigal and locked behind seven gates.Realm

M

MardukChampion of the GodsChampion of the gods — Babylon's patron, who killed the sea-dragon Tiamat, built heaven and earth out of her body, and was crowned king over all the gods.Deity

N

NergalLord of the UnderworldMesopotamian god of plague, war and the scorching sun — the violent power of inflicted death, who talked his way into the underworld and stayed as its king.Deity

S

Shamash (Utu)God of the Sun and JusticeSumerian Utu, Akkadian Shamash — the sun god who sees everything, judge of heaven and earth, patron of law, oaths, travellers and the diviner's art.Deity

T

TiamatThe Primordial SeaThe primordial salt sea — the first mother of the gods, who turned on her children and whose split body became the sky and the earth above us.Creature

U

UtnapishtimThe Babylonian NoahThe Babylonian flood survivor who built the boat, released the birds, and was given eternal life — the one man Gilgamesh crossed the world to question.Hero