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Gods of the Eternal City

The deities of Rome — Jupiter, Mars, Venus, and their kin — who guarded the state and its empire, drawn from Ovid, Virgil, and Livy.

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15 entries

A

Apollo in Roman ReligionThe God Rome Kept GreekThe one great Greek god Rome adopted without renaming him — plague-healer, oracle-giver, and the personal patron Augustus built into the imperial order.Deity

D

DianaGoddess of the Hunt and the MoonRoman goddess of the hunt, wild places and the moon, whose oldest sanctuary at Lake Nemi was guarded by a priest who held office by killing his predecessor.Deity

E

ElysiumThe Blessed FieldsThe blessed fields — an afterlife of light and ease that began as a plain at the world's edge and ended as a district of Virgil's underworld.Realm

J

JanusGod of Doorways and BeginningsThe two-faced Roman god of doors, beginnings and endings, named first in every prayer, whose gates in the Forum stood open only while Rome was at war.DeityJunoQueen of the GodsQueen of the gods — Rome's guardian of women, childbirth and the state, whose sacred geese warned the Capitol and whose temple gave us the word money.DeityJupiterKing of the GodsKing of the gods and of the Roman state — lord of the bright sky, hurler of the lightning bolt, and the guarantor behind every oath and treaty.Deity

L

Lupa, the She-WolfThe She-Wolf of RomeThe she-wolf of Rome — the beast that suckled the abandoned twins Romulus and Remus, and the most durable emblem the city ever gave itself.Creature

M

MarsGod of WarGod of war and father of Rome — honoured above almost every other deity, with his own month, his own dancing priests, and the twins he fathered on a Vestal.DeityMinervaGoddess of WisdomGoddess of wisdom and the crafts — third of the Capitoline Triad, and Rome's patron of every skilled trade from weaving and teaching to medicine.DeityMithrasThe Unconquered Sun-God of the MysteriesThe bull-slaying god of a Roman mystery cult that left hundreds of underground temples across the empire and not one line of its own scripture.Deity

N

NeptuneGod of the SeaLord of the sea — though the Romans knew him first as a god of springs and running water, honoured at midsummer when the rivers ran lowest.Deity

P

PlutoLord of the UnderworldLord of the underworld — the Roman god of the dead whose older name, Dis Pater, means "the rich father": wealth is what lies buried in the ground.Deity

S

SaturnGod of Sowing and the Golden AgeRome's god of sowing and the lost Golden Age, whose temple held the state treasury and whose December festival turned the social order upside down.Deity

V

VenusGoddess of LoveGoddess of love and desire — and the divine ancestress of Rome itself, mother of Aeneas and the claimed forebear of the family of Julius Caesar.DeityVesta and the Vestal VirginsGoddess of the HearthRome's hearth goddess, worshipped as a living fire rather than a statue, tended in the Forum by six priestesses for over a thousand years.Deity